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mouse anti bruchpilot brp  (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank)


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    Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank mouse anti bruchpilot brp
    ( A - F ) Representative images of females ( A 1 , B 1 , C 1 , D 1 , E 1 , F 1 ) and male ( A 2 , B 2 , C 2 , D 2 , E 2 , F 2 ) brains labeled by ASM neuron-specific split-GAL4 lines (OTA-SG). Images of male ventral nerve cords ( A 3 , B 3 , D 3 , E 3 , F 3 ) are also shown for lines that label OA/TA descending neurons (see also ). Panels show stacked confocal images, with neuropils and membrane-bound tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line immunohistochemically visualized <t>by</t> <t>anti-bruchpilot</t> (top panels, blue) and 20XUAS-CsChrimson:tdTomato (top panels, anti-dsRed, green; bottom panels, black and white). Scale bar = 50μm. Targeted cell types are indicated along with a split-GAL4 line name. ( A 4,5 , B 4,5 , C 3 , D 4,5 , E 4 , F 4 ) Representative images of OA/TA cell clusters targeted by split-GAL4 line, visualized by cytosolic GFP (green), and TDC2 immunoreactivity (magenta). Scale bar = 10μm. ( G - L ) Single cell clones from OTA-SG08 obtained with MCFO technique revealed two new ASM types. ( G 1-3 ) Representative images of ASM4 clones, which show extensive innervation of interior region of superior medial protocerebrum (SMP) and superior lateral protocerebrum (SLP). Scale bar = 50μm. ASM4 neurons morphology matches neuronal traces ( H 1 ) and cell number ( H 2 ) of SMP143 cell type in FAFB. ( I 1-3 ) Representative images of ASM5 clones, which innervate the anterior surface of SMP and the posterior lateral protocerebrum, ventrally respect to the lateral horn (LH). Scale bar = 50μm. ASM5 neurons morphology matches neuronal traces ( J 1 ) and cell number ( J 2 ) of SMP142 cell type in the Codex annotation of FAFB.
    Mouse Anti Bruchpilot Brp, supplied by Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1818 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/mouse anti bruchpilot brp/product/Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank
    Average 99 stars, based on 1818 article reviews
    mouse anti bruchpilot brp - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
    99/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Cellular and functional dissection of the octopaminergic system in the Drosophila brain"

    Article Title: Cellular and functional dissection of the octopaminergic system in the Drosophila brain

    Journal: bioRxiv

    doi: 10.64898/2026.02.06.704492

    ( A - F ) Representative images of females ( A 1 , B 1 , C 1 , D 1 , E 1 , F 1 ) and male ( A 2 , B 2 , C 2 , D 2 , E 2 , F 2 ) brains labeled by ASM neuron-specific split-GAL4 lines (OTA-SG). Images of male ventral nerve cords ( A 3 , B 3 , D 3 , E 3 , F 3 ) are also shown for lines that label OA/TA descending neurons (see also ). Panels show stacked confocal images, with neuropils and membrane-bound tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line immunohistochemically visualized by anti-bruchpilot (top panels, blue) and 20XUAS-CsChrimson:tdTomato (top panels, anti-dsRed, green; bottom panels, black and white). Scale bar = 50μm. Targeted cell types are indicated along with a split-GAL4 line name. ( A 4,5 , B 4,5 , C 3 , D 4,5 , E 4 , F 4 ) Representative images of OA/TA cell clusters targeted by split-GAL4 line, visualized by cytosolic GFP (green), and TDC2 immunoreactivity (magenta). Scale bar = 10μm. ( G - L ) Single cell clones from OTA-SG08 obtained with MCFO technique revealed two new ASM types. ( G 1-3 ) Representative images of ASM4 clones, which show extensive innervation of interior region of superior medial protocerebrum (SMP) and superior lateral protocerebrum (SLP). Scale bar = 50μm. ASM4 neurons morphology matches neuronal traces ( H 1 ) and cell number ( H 2 ) of SMP143 cell type in FAFB. ( I 1-3 ) Representative images of ASM5 clones, which innervate the anterior surface of SMP and the posterior lateral protocerebrum, ventrally respect to the lateral horn (LH). Scale bar = 50μm. ASM5 neurons morphology matches neuronal traces ( J 1 ) and cell number ( J 2 ) of SMP142 cell type in the Codex annotation of FAFB.
    Figure Legend Snippet: ( A - F ) Representative images of females ( A 1 , B 1 , C 1 , D 1 , E 1 , F 1 ) and male ( A 2 , B 2 , C 2 , D 2 , E 2 , F 2 ) brains labeled by ASM neuron-specific split-GAL4 lines (OTA-SG). Images of male ventral nerve cords ( A 3 , B 3 , D 3 , E 3 , F 3 ) are also shown for lines that label OA/TA descending neurons (see also ). Panels show stacked confocal images, with neuropils and membrane-bound tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line immunohistochemically visualized by anti-bruchpilot (top panels, blue) and 20XUAS-CsChrimson:tdTomato (top panels, anti-dsRed, green; bottom panels, black and white). Scale bar = 50μm. Targeted cell types are indicated along with a split-GAL4 line name. ( A 4,5 , B 4,5 , C 3 , D 4,5 , E 4 , F 4 ) Representative images of OA/TA cell clusters targeted by split-GAL4 line, visualized by cytosolic GFP (green), and TDC2 immunoreactivity (magenta). Scale bar = 10μm. ( G - L ) Single cell clones from OTA-SG08 obtained with MCFO technique revealed two new ASM types. ( G 1-3 ) Representative images of ASM4 clones, which show extensive innervation of interior region of superior medial protocerebrum (SMP) and superior lateral protocerebrum (SLP). Scale bar = 50μm. ASM4 neurons morphology matches neuronal traces ( H 1 ) and cell number ( H 2 ) of SMP143 cell type in FAFB. ( I 1-3 ) Representative images of ASM5 clones, which innervate the anterior surface of SMP and the posterior lateral protocerebrum, ventrally respect to the lateral horn (LH). Scale bar = 50μm. ASM5 neurons morphology matches neuronal traces ( J 1 ) and cell number ( J 2 ) of SMP142 cell type in the Codex annotation of FAFB.

    Techniques Used: Labeling, Membrane, Single Cell, Clone Assay

    Representative images of female ( A 1 - O 1 ) and male ( A 2 - O 2 ) brains labeled by split-GAL4 lines (OTA-SG) not described in the main figures. Panels show stacked confocal images, with neuropils (visualized by anti-bruchpilot: top panels, blue) and CsChrimson-tagged tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line (visualized by anti-dsRed: top panels, green; bottom panels, black). Scale bar = 50 μm. Targeted cell types are indicated along with a split-GAL4 line name. ( A 34, , B 3,4 , C 3,4 , D 4 , E 3,4 , F 3,4 , G 3 , H 3 , I 3 , J 3,4 , K 3 , L 3 , M 3 , N 3 , O 3,4 ) Representative zoomed-in images of GFP-expressing OA/TA cell clusters targeted by split-GAL4 line (visualized by cytosolic GFP: green) that are co-labeled by TDC2 immunoreactivity (magenta). Scale bar = 10 μm.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Representative images of female ( A 1 - O 1 ) and male ( A 2 - O 2 ) brains labeled by split-GAL4 lines (OTA-SG) not described in the main figures. Panels show stacked confocal images, with neuropils (visualized by anti-bruchpilot: top panels, blue) and CsChrimson-tagged tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line (visualized by anti-dsRed: top panels, green; bottom panels, black). Scale bar = 50 μm. Targeted cell types are indicated along with a split-GAL4 line name. ( A 34, , B 3,4 , C 3,4 , D 4 , E 3,4 , F 3,4 , G 3 , H 3 , I 3 , J 3,4 , K 3 , L 3 , M 3 , N 3 , O 3,4 ) Representative zoomed-in images of GFP-expressing OA/TA cell clusters targeted by split-GAL4 line (visualized by cytosolic GFP: green) that are co-labeled by TDC2 immunoreactivity (magenta). Scale bar = 10 μm.

    Techniques Used: Labeling, Expressing

    ( A - F ) Examples of females ( A 1 , B 1 , C 1 , D 1 , E 1 , F 1 ) and male ( A 2 , B 2 , C 2 , D 2 , E 2 , F 2 ) brains labeled by AL neuron-specific split-GAL4 lines (OTA-SG). Male ventral nerve cords ( C 3 , K 3 ) are also present for lines with OA/TA descending neurons. Panels display stacked confocal images, with neuropils and membrane-bound tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line shown by immunohistochemical analysis with anti-bruchpilot (top panels, blue) and 20XUAS-CsChrimson:tdTomato (top panels, anti-dsRed, green; bottom panels, black and white) respectively. Scale bar = 50μm. Targeted cell types are indicated along with the split-GAL4 line name. ( A 3,4 , B 4,5 , C 3 , D 3 , E 3 , F 4,5 ) Representative images of OA/TA cell clusters targeted by split-GAL4 line, visualized by cytosolic GFP (green), and TDC2 immunoreactivity (magenta). Scale bar = 10μm. ( G ) AL2 projection patterns viewed in the dorsal (Fischbach) orientation. Images represent a single z-plane with membrane-bound tdTomato labeling AL2 neurons (green) and Bruchpilot marking synaptic neuropil (blue). In G 1 , Non-AL2i1 innervation of layer 1 is indicated in yellow asterisk (likely AL2i3 neurons). Scale bar = 50μm. ( H ) A schematic summary of the layer-specific projection patterns of AL2 and ASM1 neurons across three neuropils of the optic.
    Figure Legend Snippet: ( A - F ) Examples of females ( A 1 , B 1 , C 1 , D 1 , E 1 , F 1 ) and male ( A 2 , B 2 , C 2 , D 2 , E 2 , F 2 ) brains labeled by AL neuron-specific split-GAL4 lines (OTA-SG). Male ventral nerve cords ( C 3 , K 3 ) are also present for lines with OA/TA descending neurons. Panels display stacked confocal images, with neuropils and membrane-bound tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line shown by immunohistochemical analysis with anti-bruchpilot (top panels, blue) and 20XUAS-CsChrimson:tdTomato (top panels, anti-dsRed, green; bottom panels, black and white) respectively. Scale bar = 50μm. Targeted cell types are indicated along with the split-GAL4 line name. ( A 3,4 , B 4,5 , C 3 , D 3 , E 3 , F 4,5 ) Representative images of OA/TA cell clusters targeted by split-GAL4 line, visualized by cytosolic GFP (green), and TDC2 immunoreactivity (magenta). Scale bar = 10μm. ( G ) AL2 projection patterns viewed in the dorsal (Fischbach) orientation. Images represent a single z-plane with membrane-bound tdTomato labeling AL2 neurons (green) and Bruchpilot marking synaptic neuropil (blue). In G 1 , Non-AL2i1 innervation of layer 1 is indicated in yellow asterisk (likely AL2i3 neurons). Scale bar = 50μm. ( H ) A schematic summary of the layer-specific projection patterns of AL2 and ASM1 neurons across three neuropils of the optic.

    Techniques Used: Labeling, Membrane, Immunohistochemical staining

    Immunohistochemical analysis of females ( A 1 -J 1 ) and male ( A 2 -J 2 ) brains labeled by split-GAL4 lines (OTA-SG) with high specificity for VUMa1-8, VPM3, and VPM4 cell types. Targeted cell types are indicated along with the split-GAL4 line name. Panels show maximum intensity projections, with neuropils and membrane-bound tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line visualized by anti-bruchpilot (top panels, blue) and 20XUAS-CsChrimson:tdTomato (top panels, anti-dsRed, green; bottom panels, black and white) respectively. Scale bar = 50μm. ( A 3 , B 3,4 , C 3 , D 3 , E 3 , F 3 , G 3 , H 3,4 , I 3 , J 3 ) Representative images of OA/TA cell clusters targeted by split-GAL4 line, visualized by cytosolic GFP (green), and TDC2 immunoreactivity (magenta). Scale bar = 10μm.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Immunohistochemical analysis of females ( A 1 -J 1 ) and male ( A 2 -J 2 ) brains labeled by split-GAL4 lines (OTA-SG) with high specificity for VUMa1-8, VPM3, and VPM4 cell types. Targeted cell types are indicated along with the split-GAL4 line name. Panels show maximum intensity projections, with neuropils and membrane-bound tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line visualized by anti-bruchpilot (top panels, blue) and 20XUAS-CsChrimson:tdTomato (top panels, anti-dsRed, green; bottom panels, black and white) respectively. Scale bar = 50μm. ( A 3 , B 3,4 , C 3 , D 3 , E 3 , F 3 , G 3 , H 3,4 , I 3 , J 3 ) Representative images of OA/TA cell clusters targeted by split-GAL4 line, visualized by cytosolic GFP (green), and TDC2 immunoreactivity (magenta). Scale bar = 10μm.

    Techniques Used: Immunohistochemical staining, Labeling, Membrane

    ( A - F ) Representative images of females ( A 1 , B 1 , C 1 , D 1, E 1 , F 1 ) and male ( A 2 , B 2 , C 2 , D 2, E 2 , F 2 ) brains labeled by descending OA/TA neuron-specific split-GAL4 lines. Images of male ventral nerve cords ( A 3 , B 3 , C 3 , D 3, E 3 , F 3 ) are also shown. Panels show maximum intensity projections, with neuropils and membrane-bound tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line visualized by immunohistochemical analysis with anti-bruchpilot (top panels, blue) and 20XUAS-CsChrimson:tdTomato (top panels, anti-dsRed, green; bottom panels, black and white) respectively. Scale bar = 50 μm. Targeted cell types are indicated along with the split-GAL4 line name. ( A 4 , B 4 , C 4 , D 4, E 4,5 , F 4,5 ) Representative images of OA/TA cell neurons targeted by split-GAL4 line, visualized by cytosolic GFP (green), and TDC2 staining (magenta). Scale bar = 10 μm. ( G-J ) VUMd1 shows asymmetric innervations around the esophagus. ( G ) Representative images of single cell clones of VUMd1 neurons with thicker innervations on the left side obtained from OTA-SG37 ( G 1 ) and from Tdc2-GAL4 ( G 2,3 ) with MCFO technique in male flies, corresponding to GNG.SAD.12 in FAFB ( H ). ( I ) Clones of VUMd1 neurons with right bias innervations, obtained from Tdc2-GAL4 ( I 1,2 ) and OTA-SG37 ( I 3 ) with MCFO technique in male flies, corresponding to GNG.707 in FAFB ( J ). Scale bar = 50 μm. ( K ) Representative image of single cell clones of AL2b1 neurons ( K 1 ) and VUMd2 ( K 2 ) obtained from OTA-SG38 with MCFO technique in male flies. Scale bar = 50 μm. ( L ) Clonal analysis suggests the existence of two distinct VUMd2 subtypes. VUMd2 (a) ( L 1 ) present one lateral descending projection each side (only one side was visible in this sample) from the lateral inferior posterior slope. VUMd2 (b) ( L 2-5 ) presents additional finer neurites that run more centrally in the cervical connective (arrow, L 4,5 ). Non-VUMd2 neurons are indicated in yellow asterisks. Scale bar = 50 μm (L 1,2 ), 10 μm (L 5 ).
    Figure Legend Snippet: ( A - F ) Representative images of females ( A 1 , B 1 , C 1 , D 1, E 1 , F 1 ) and male ( A 2 , B 2 , C 2 , D 2, E 2 , F 2 ) brains labeled by descending OA/TA neuron-specific split-GAL4 lines. Images of male ventral nerve cords ( A 3 , B 3 , C 3 , D 3, E 3 , F 3 ) are also shown. Panels show maximum intensity projections, with neuropils and membrane-bound tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line visualized by immunohistochemical analysis with anti-bruchpilot (top panels, blue) and 20XUAS-CsChrimson:tdTomato (top panels, anti-dsRed, green; bottom panels, black and white) respectively. Scale bar = 50 μm. Targeted cell types are indicated along with the split-GAL4 line name. ( A 4 , B 4 , C 4 , D 4, E 4,5 , F 4,5 ) Representative images of OA/TA cell neurons targeted by split-GAL4 line, visualized by cytosolic GFP (green), and TDC2 staining (magenta). Scale bar = 10 μm. ( G-J ) VUMd1 shows asymmetric innervations around the esophagus. ( G ) Representative images of single cell clones of VUMd1 neurons with thicker innervations on the left side obtained from OTA-SG37 ( G 1 ) and from Tdc2-GAL4 ( G 2,3 ) with MCFO technique in male flies, corresponding to GNG.SAD.12 in FAFB ( H ). ( I ) Clones of VUMd1 neurons with right bias innervations, obtained from Tdc2-GAL4 ( I 1,2 ) and OTA-SG37 ( I 3 ) with MCFO technique in male flies, corresponding to GNG.707 in FAFB ( J ). Scale bar = 50 μm. ( K ) Representative image of single cell clones of AL2b1 neurons ( K 1 ) and VUMd2 ( K 2 ) obtained from OTA-SG38 with MCFO technique in male flies. Scale bar = 50 μm. ( L ) Clonal analysis suggests the existence of two distinct VUMd2 subtypes. VUMd2 (a) ( L 1 ) present one lateral descending projection each side (only one side was visible in this sample) from the lateral inferior posterior slope. VUMd2 (b) ( L 2-5 ) presents additional finer neurites that run more centrally in the cervical connective (arrow, L 4,5 ). Non-VUMd2 neurons are indicated in yellow asterisks. Scale bar = 50 μm (L 1,2 ), 10 μm (L 5 ).

    Techniques Used: Labeling, Membrane, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Single Cell, Clone Assay



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    ( A - F ) Representative images of females ( A 1 , B 1 , C 1 , D 1 , E 1 , F 1 ) and male ( A 2 , B 2 , C 2 , D 2 , E 2 , F 2 ) brains labeled by ASM neuron-specific split-GAL4 lines (OTA-SG). Images of male ventral nerve cords ( A 3 , B 3 , D 3 , E 3 , F 3 ) are also shown for lines that label OA/TA descending neurons (see also ). Panels show stacked confocal images, with neuropils and membrane-bound tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line immunohistochemically visualized by anti-bruchpilot (top panels, blue) and 20XUAS-CsChrimson:tdTomato (top panels, anti-dsRed, green; bottom panels, black and white). Scale bar = 50μm. Targeted cell types are indicated along with a split-GAL4 line name. ( A 4,5 , B 4,5 , C 3 , D 4,5 , E 4 , F 4 ) Representative images of OA/TA cell clusters targeted by split-GAL4 line, visualized by cytosolic GFP (green), and TDC2 immunoreactivity (magenta). Scale bar = 10μm. ( G - L ) Single cell clones from OTA-SG08 obtained with MCFO technique revealed two new ASM types. ( G 1-3 ) Representative images of ASM4 clones, which show extensive innervation of interior region of superior medial protocerebrum (SMP) and superior lateral protocerebrum (SLP). Scale bar = 50μm. ASM4 neurons morphology matches neuronal traces ( H 1 ) and cell number ( H 2 ) of SMP143 cell type in FAFB. ( I 1-3 ) Representative images of ASM5 clones, which innervate the anterior surface of SMP and the posterior lateral protocerebrum, ventrally respect to the lateral horn (LH). Scale bar = 50μm. ASM5 neurons morphology matches neuronal traces ( J 1 ) and cell number ( J 2 ) of SMP142 cell type in the Codex annotation of FAFB.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Cellular and functional dissection of the octopaminergic system in the Drosophila brain

    doi: 10.64898/2026.02.06.704492

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A - F ) Representative images of females ( A 1 , B 1 , C 1 , D 1 , E 1 , F 1 ) and male ( A 2 , B 2 , C 2 , D 2 , E 2 , F 2 ) brains labeled by ASM neuron-specific split-GAL4 lines (OTA-SG). Images of male ventral nerve cords ( A 3 , B 3 , D 3 , E 3 , F 3 ) are also shown for lines that label OA/TA descending neurons (see also ). Panels show stacked confocal images, with neuropils and membrane-bound tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line immunohistochemically visualized by anti-bruchpilot (top panels, blue) and 20XUAS-CsChrimson:tdTomato (top panels, anti-dsRed, green; bottom panels, black and white). Scale bar = 50μm. Targeted cell types are indicated along with a split-GAL4 line name. ( A 4,5 , B 4,5 , C 3 , D 4,5 , E 4 , F 4 ) Representative images of OA/TA cell clusters targeted by split-GAL4 line, visualized by cytosolic GFP (green), and TDC2 immunoreactivity (magenta). Scale bar = 10μm. ( G - L ) Single cell clones from OTA-SG08 obtained with MCFO technique revealed two new ASM types. ( G 1-3 ) Representative images of ASM4 clones, which show extensive innervation of interior region of superior medial protocerebrum (SMP) and superior lateral protocerebrum (SLP). Scale bar = 50μm. ASM4 neurons morphology matches neuronal traces ( H 1 ) and cell number ( H 2 ) of SMP143 cell type in FAFB. ( I 1-3 ) Representative images of ASM5 clones, which innervate the anterior surface of SMP and the posterior lateral protocerebrum, ventrally respect to the lateral horn (LH). Scale bar = 50μm. ASM5 neurons morphology matches neuronal traces ( J 1 ) and cell number ( J 2 ) of SMP142 cell type in the Codex annotation of FAFB.

    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies diluted with the blocking solution (1:10 (supernatant) or 1:100 (concentrated) for mouse anti-bruchpilot (BRP) (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank nc82, RRID: AB_2314866), 1:200 for mouse anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (Immunostar, cat# 22941, RRID: AB_572268), 1:1000 for chicken anti-GFP (Abcam, cat# ab13970, RRID: AB_300798), 1:1000 for rabbit anti-DsRed (Takara Bio USA, cat# 632496, RRID: AB_10013483), 1:100 for guinea pig anti-Fru M (gift from Michael Perry, University of California, San Diego) , 1:200 for rabbit anti-Tdc2 (Covalab, cat# 00013520, RRID: AB_3717820) and 1:1000 for rabbit anti-Nvy (gift from Richard Mann, Columbia University) ( ) were applied to the samples in 1.5mL tubes at 4°C for 2 days.

    Techniques: Labeling, Membrane, Single Cell, Clone Assay

    Representative images of female ( A 1 - O 1 ) and male ( A 2 - O 2 ) brains labeled by split-GAL4 lines (OTA-SG) not described in the main figures. Panels show stacked confocal images, with neuropils (visualized by anti-bruchpilot: top panels, blue) and CsChrimson-tagged tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line (visualized by anti-dsRed: top panels, green; bottom panels, black). Scale bar = 50 μm. Targeted cell types are indicated along with a split-GAL4 line name. ( A 34, , B 3,4 , C 3,4 , D 4 , E 3,4 , F 3,4 , G 3 , H 3 , I 3 , J 3,4 , K 3 , L 3 , M 3 , N 3 , O 3,4 ) Representative zoomed-in images of GFP-expressing OA/TA cell clusters targeted by split-GAL4 line (visualized by cytosolic GFP: green) that are co-labeled by TDC2 immunoreactivity (magenta). Scale bar = 10 μm.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Cellular and functional dissection of the octopaminergic system in the Drosophila brain

    doi: 10.64898/2026.02.06.704492

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative images of female ( A 1 - O 1 ) and male ( A 2 - O 2 ) brains labeled by split-GAL4 lines (OTA-SG) not described in the main figures. Panels show stacked confocal images, with neuropils (visualized by anti-bruchpilot: top panels, blue) and CsChrimson-tagged tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line (visualized by anti-dsRed: top panels, green; bottom panels, black). Scale bar = 50 μm. Targeted cell types are indicated along with a split-GAL4 line name. ( A 34, , B 3,4 , C 3,4 , D 4 , E 3,4 , F 3,4 , G 3 , H 3 , I 3 , J 3,4 , K 3 , L 3 , M 3 , N 3 , O 3,4 ) Representative zoomed-in images of GFP-expressing OA/TA cell clusters targeted by split-GAL4 line (visualized by cytosolic GFP: green) that are co-labeled by TDC2 immunoreactivity (magenta). Scale bar = 10 μm.

    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies diluted with the blocking solution (1:10 (supernatant) or 1:100 (concentrated) for mouse anti-bruchpilot (BRP) (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank nc82, RRID: AB_2314866), 1:200 for mouse anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (Immunostar, cat# 22941, RRID: AB_572268), 1:1000 for chicken anti-GFP (Abcam, cat# ab13970, RRID: AB_300798), 1:1000 for rabbit anti-DsRed (Takara Bio USA, cat# 632496, RRID: AB_10013483), 1:100 for guinea pig anti-Fru M (gift from Michael Perry, University of California, San Diego) , 1:200 for rabbit anti-Tdc2 (Covalab, cat# 00013520, RRID: AB_3717820) and 1:1000 for rabbit anti-Nvy (gift from Richard Mann, Columbia University) ( ) were applied to the samples in 1.5mL tubes at 4°C for 2 days.

    Techniques: Labeling, Expressing

    ( A - F ) Examples of females ( A 1 , B 1 , C 1 , D 1 , E 1 , F 1 ) and male ( A 2 , B 2 , C 2 , D 2 , E 2 , F 2 ) brains labeled by AL neuron-specific split-GAL4 lines (OTA-SG). Male ventral nerve cords ( C 3 , K 3 ) are also present for lines with OA/TA descending neurons. Panels display stacked confocal images, with neuropils and membrane-bound tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line shown by immunohistochemical analysis with anti-bruchpilot (top panels, blue) and 20XUAS-CsChrimson:tdTomato (top panels, anti-dsRed, green; bottom panels, black and white) respectively. Scale bar = 50μm. Targeted cell types are indicated along with the split-GAL4 line name. ( A 3,4 , B 4,5 , C 3 , D 3 , E 3 , F 4,5 ) Representative images of OA/TA cell clusters targeted by split-GAL4 line, visualized by cytosolic GFP (green), and TDC2 immunoreactivity (magenta). Scale bar = 10μm. ( G ) AL2 projection patterns viewed in the dorsal (Fischbach) orientation. Images represent a single z-plane with membrane-bound tdTomato labeling AL2 neurons (green) and Bruchpilot marking synaptic neuropil (blue). In G 1 , Non-AL2i1 innervation of layer 1 is indicated in yellow asterisk (likely AL2i3 neurons). Scale bar = 50μm. ( H ) A schematic summary of the layer-specific projection patterns of AL2 and ASM1 neurons across three neuropils of the optic.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Cellular and functional dissection of the octopaminergic system in the Drosophila brain

    doi: 10.64898/2026.02.06.704492

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A - F ) Examples of females ( A 1 , B 1 , C 1 , D 1 , E 1 , F 1 ) and male ( A 2 , B 2 , C 2 , D 2 , E 2 , F 2 ) brains labeled by AL neuron-specific split-GAL4 lines (OTA-SG). Male ventral nerve cords ( C 3 , K 3 ) are also present for lines with OA/TA descending neurons. Panels display stacked confocal images, with neuropils and membrane-bound tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line shown by immunohistochemical analysis with anti-bruchpilot (top panels, blue) and 20XUAS-CsChrimson:tdTomato (top panels, anti-dsRed, green; bottom panels, black and white) respectively. Scale bar = 50μm. Targeted cell types are indicated along with the split-GAL4 line name. ( A 3,4 , B 4,5 , C 3 , D 3 , E 3 , F 4,5 ) Representative images of OA/TA cell clusters targeted by split-GAL4 line, visualized by cytosolic GFP (green), and TDC2 immunoreactivity (magenta). Scale bar = 10μm. ( G ) AL2 projection patterns viewed in the dorsal (Fischbach) orientation. Images represent a single z-plane with membrane-bound tdTomato labeling AL2 neurons (green) and Bruchpilot marking synaptic neuropil (blue). In G 1 , Non-AL2i1 innervation of layer 1 is indicated in yellow asterisk (likely AL2i3 neurons). Scale bar = 50μm. ( H ) A schematic summary of the layer-specific projection patterns of AL2 and ASM1 neurons across three neuropils of the optic.

    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies diluted with the blocking solution (1:10 (supernatant) or 1:100 (concentrated) for mouse anti-bruchpilot (BRP) (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank nc82, RRID: AB_2314866), 1:200 for mouse anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (Immunostar, cat# 22941, RRID: AB_572268), 1:1000 for chicken anti-GFP (Abcam, cat# ab13970, RRID: AB_300798), 1:1000 for rabbit anti-DsRed (Takara Bio USA, cat# 632496, RRID: AB_10013483), 1:100 for guinea pig anti-Fru M (gift from Michael Perry, University of California, San Diego) , 1:200 for rabbit anti-Tdc2 (Covalab, cat# 00013520, RRID: AB_3717820) and 1:1000 for rabbit anti-Nvy (gift from Richard Mann, Columbia University) ( ) were applied to the samples in 1.5mL tubes at 4°C for 2 days.

    Techniques: Labeling, Membrane, Immunohistochemical staining

    Immunohistochemical analysis of females ( A 1 -J 1 ) and male ( A 2 -J 2 ) brains labeled by split-GAL4 lines (OTA-SG) with high specificity for VUMa1-8, VPM3, and VPM4 cell types. Targeted cell types are indicated along with the split-GAL4 line name. Panels show maximum intensity projections, with neuropils and membrane-bound tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line visualized by anti-bruchpilot (top panels, blue) and 20XUAS-CsChrimson:tdTomato (top panels, anti-dsRed, green; bottom panels, black and white) respectively. Scale bar = 50μm. ( A 3 , B 3,4 , C 3 , D 3 , E 3 , F 3 , G 3 , H 3,4 , I 3 , J 3 ) Representative images of OA/TA cell clusters targeted by split-GAL4 line, visualized by cytosolic GFP (green), and TDC2 immunoreactivity (magenta). Scale bar = 10μm.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Cellular and functional dissection of the octopaminergic system in the Drosophila brain

    doi: 10.64898/2026.02.06.704492

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical analysis of females ( A 1 -J 1 ) and male ( A 2 -J 2 ) brains labeled by split-GAL4 lines (OTA-SG) with high specificity for VUMa1-8, VPM3, and VPM4 cell types. Targeted cell types are indicated along with the split-GAL4 line name. Panels show maximum intensity projections, with neuropils and membrane-bound tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line visualized by anti-bruchpilot (top panels, blue) and 20XUAS-CsChrimson:tdTomato (top panels, anti-dsRed, green; bottom panels, black and white) respectively. Scale bar = 50μm. ( A 3 , B 3,4 , C 3 , D 3 , E 3 , F 3 , G 3 , H 3,4 , I 3 , J 3 ) Representative images of OA/TA cell clusters targeted by split-GAL4 line, visualized by cytosolic GFP (green), and TDC2 immunoreactivity (magenta). Scale bar = 10μm.

    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies diluted with the blocking solution (1:10 (supernatant) or 1:100 (concentrated) for mouse anti-bruchpilot (BRP) (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank nc82, RRID: AB_2314866), 1:200 for mouse anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (Immunostar, cat# 22941, RRID: AB_572268), 1:1000 for chicken anti-GFP (Abcam, cat# ab13970, RRID: AB_300798), 1:1000 for rabbit anti-DsRed (Takara Bio USA, cat# 632496, RRID: AB_10013483), 1:100 for guinea pig anti-Fru M (gift from Michael Perry, University of California, San Diego) , 1:200 for rabbit anti-Tdc2 (Covalab, cat# 00013520, RRID: AB_3717820) and 1:1000 for rabbit anti-Nvy (gift from Richard Mann, Columbia University) ( ) were applied to the samples in 1.5mL tubes at 4°C for 2 days.

    Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Labeling, Membrane

    ( A - F ) Representative images of females ( A 1 , B 1 , C 1 , D 1, E 1 , F 1 ) and male ( A 2 , B 2 , C 2 , D 2, E 2 , F 2 ) brains labeled by descending OA/TA neuron-specific split-GAL4 lines. Images of male ventral nerve cords ( A 3 , B 3 , C 3 , D 3, E 3 , F 3 ) are also shown. Panels show maximum intensity projections, with neuropils and membrane-bound tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line visualized by immunohistochemical analysis with anti-bruchpilot (top panels, blue) and 20XUAS-CsChrimson:tdTomato (top panels, anti-dsRed, green; bottom panels, black and white) respectively. Scale bar = 50 μm. Targeted cell types are indicated along with the split-GAL4 line name. ( A 4 , B 4 , C 4 , D 4, E 4,5 , F 4,5 ) Representative images of OA/TA cell neurons targeted by split-GAL4 line, visualized by cytosolic GFP (green), and TDC2 staining (magenta). Scale bar = 10 μm. ( G-J ) VUMd1 shows asymmetric innervations around the esophagus. ( G ) Representative images of single cell clones of VUMd1 neurons with thicker innervations on the left side obtained from OTA-SG37 ( G 1 ) and from Tdc2-GAL4 ( G 2,3 ) with MCFO technique in male flies, corresponding to GNG.SAD.12 in FAFB ( H ). ( I ) Clones of VUMd1 neurons with right bias innervations, obtained from Tdc2-GAL4 ( I 1,2 ) and OTA-SG37 ( I 3 ) with MCFO technique in male flies, corresponding to GNG.707 in FAFB ( J ). Scale bar = 50 μm. ( K ) Representative image of single cell clones of AL2b1 neurons ( K 1 ) and VUMd2 ( K 2 ) obtained from OTA-SG38 with MCFO technique in male flies. Scale bar = 50 μm. ( L ) Clonal analysis suggests the existence of two distinct VUMd2 subtypes. VUMd2 (a) ( L 1 ) present one lateral descending projection each side (only one side was visible in this sample) from the lateral inferior posterior slope. VUMd2 (b) ( L 2-5 ) presents additional finer neurites that run more centrally in the cervical connective (arrow, L 4,5 ). Non-VUMd2 neurons are indicated in yellow asterisks. Scale bar = 50 μm (L 1,2 ), 10 μm (L 5 ).

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Cellular and functional dissection of the octopaminergic system in the Drosophila brain

    doi: 10.64898/2026.02.06.704492

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A - F ) Representative images of females ( A 1 , B 1 , C 1 , D 1, E 1 , F 1 ) and male ( A 2 , B 2 , C 2 , D 2, E 2 , F 2 ) brains labeled by descending OA/TA neuron-specific split-GAL4 lines. Images of male ventral nerve cords ( A 3 , B 3 , C 3 , D 3, E 3 , F 3 ) are also shown. Panels show maximum intensity projections, with neuropils and membrane-bound tdTomato expressed by the given split-GAL4 line visualized by immunohistochemical analysis with anti-bruchpilot (top panels, blue) and 20XUAS-CsChrimson:tdTomato (top panels, anti-dsRed, green; bottom panels, black and white) respectively. Scale bar = 50 μm. Targeted cell types are indicated along with the split-GAL4 line name. ( A 4 , B 4 , C 4 , D 4, E 4,5 , F 4,5 ) Representative images of OA/TA cell neurons targeted by split-GAL4 line, visualized by cytosolic GFP (green), and TDC2 staining (magenta). Scale bar = 10 μm. ( G-J ) VUMd1 shows asymmetric innervations around the esophagus. ( G ) Representative images of single cell clones of VUMd1 neurons with thicker innervations on the left side obtained from OTA-SG37 ( G 1 ) and from Tdc2-GAL4 ( G 2,3 ) with MCFO technique in male flies, corresponding to GNG.SAD.12 in FAFB ( H ). ( I ) Clones of VUMd1 neurons with right bias innervations, obtained from Tdc2-GAL4 ( I 1,2 ) and OTA-SG37 ( I 3 ) with MCFO technique in male flies, corresponding to GNG.707 in FAFB ( J ). Scale bar = 50 μm. ( K ) Representative image of single cell clones of AL2b1 neurons ( K 1 ) and VUMd2 ( K 2 ) obtained from OTA-SG38 with MCFO technique in male flies. Scale bar = 50 μm. ( L ) Clonal analysis suggests the existence of two distinct VUMd2 subtypes. VUMd2 (a) ( L 1 ) present one lateral descending projection each side (only one side was visible in this sample) from the lateral inferior posterior slope. VUMd2 (b) ( L 2-5 ) presents additional finer neurites that run more centrally in the cervical connective (arrow, L 4,5 ). Non-VUMd2 neurons are indicated in yellow asterisks. Scale bar = 50 μm (L 1,2 ), 10 μm (L 5 ).

    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies diluted with the blocking solution (1:10 (supernatant) or 1:100 (concentrated) for mouse anti-bruchpilot (BRP) (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank nc82, RRID: AB_2314866), 1:200 for mouse anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (Immunostar, cat# 22941, RRID: AB_572268), 1:1000 for chicken anti-GFP (Abcam, cat# ab13970, RRID: AB_300798), 1:1000 for rabbit anti-DsRed (Takara Bio USA, cat# 632496, RRID: AB_10013483), 1:100 for guinea pig anti-Fru M (gift from Michael Perry, University of California, San Diego) , 1:200 for rabbit anti-Tdc2 (Covalab, cat# 00013520, RRID: AB_3717820) and 1:1000 for rabbit anti-Nvy (gift from Richard Mann, Columbia University) ( ) were applied to the samples in 1.5mL tubes at 4°C for 2 days.

    Techniques: Labeling, Membrane, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Single Cell, Clone Assay